Understanding Cold Asthma
Cold asthma, also known as non-allergic asthma, is a type of asthma that is triggered specifically by cold temperatures or cold-related infections. It’s particularly common among young children and is characterized by asthma symptoms occurring in connection with cold exposure. Here’s an overview of cold asthma:
Causes of Cold Asthma
- Unique Airway Characteristics: Children have smaller and softer airways compared to adults. These airways are more prone to narrowing due to swelling and mucus, especially when exposed to cold temperatures.
- Triggers: Cold exposure, especially during cold weather or after a respiratory infection like the flu or a cold, can lead to asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals.
Symptoms of Cold Asthma
- Seizures with Breathing Difficulties: Cold asthma episodes are characterized by asthma attacks that include difficulty breathing.
- Severity Varies: Symptoms can range from mild to severe.
- Mild: Slight increase in shortness of breath.
- Moderate: Rapid breathing and retractions (skin between ribs, neck pit, and under ribcage drawn in).
- Severe: Severe shortness of breath, wheezing, high pulse, and bluish skin tone; medical attention is needed.
Managing Cold Asthma
- Know the Medications: Parents should be well-informed about their child’s asthma medications and how to use them correctly.
- Rest and Comfort: During an asthma attack, help the child rest in a comfortable position in a cool room. Monitor the child closely during the episode.
- Prompt Treatment: Start treatment early during an asthma attack. Mild seizures can often be relieved with inhalation bronchodilators.
Treatment for Asthma Attacks
- Severity-Based Treatment: The treatment approach depends on the severity of the asthma attack.
- Severe Attacks: Call emergency services (112) and seek hospital care.
- Mild-Moderate Attacks: Inhalation bronchodilators are usually used to relieve symptoms. For children who struggle with inhalers, there are alternative devices available.
- Cortisone Treatment: If bronchodilators are not sufficient, cortisone treatment may be used.
- Adjunctive Therapy: Tablets for asthma can be given alongside inhalation medication if necessary.
Cold Asthma in Adults
- Cold-Related Asthma: Cold asthma can also affect adults, typically triggered by respiratory infections in cold weather.
- Similar Symptoms: Adults experience asthma symptoms such as wheezing and difficulty breathing after cold exposure or infections.
- Treatment: Similar treatments are used in adults as in children, with adjustments in dosage.
When to Seek Care
- Emergency Care (112) Needed:
- Difficulty breathing
- Medications not helping or needed continuously
- High heart rate
- Pale or bluish skin
- Visible retractions (skin pulling in between ribs, neck pit, and under ribcage)
- Non-Acute Care:
- If you suspect cold asthma, seek care at a health center or pediatric clinic.
- If a child has already been diagnosed with cold asthma and symptoms worsen or occur more frequently, seek medical attention.