Getting to Know Eye Inflammation (Conjunctivitis): Causes, Symptoms, and Care
Understanding Eye Inflammation
Eye inflammation, also known as conjunctivitis, is a common condition, particularly prevalent in younger children. Typically, the inflammation resolves within one to two weeks without requiring extensive treatment.
Causes of Eye Inflammation (Conjunctivitis)
Conjunctivitis occurs when the transparent mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelid and whites of the eyes becomes inflamed. Small blood vessels within the conjunctiva can become inflamed, leading to red or pinkish eyes.
- Viruses and bacteria are the primary culprits.
- Often accompanied by a cold, especially in children.
- Bacterial causes are more common in adults.
- Allergies can also trigger conjunctivitis (allergic conjunctivitis).
Distinguishing Between Infection and Inflammation
While often used interchangeably, “eye infection” indicates the presence of a virus, bacteria, or fungus, while “eye inflammation” describes the body’s defensive reaction, characterized by redness and swelling.
Recognizing Symptoms
Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes, with symptoms such as:
- Red or pink eyes.
- Itching.
- Swelling.
- Gritty or scratchy sensation.
- Sticky discharge causing difficulty opening eyes in the morning.
- Excessive tearing and watering.
Eye Inflammation in Children
Children, particularly those under four years old, are susceptible to eye inflammation. Commonly caused by viruses, bacterial conjunctivitis is also prevalent. The contagious nature makes preventing spread challenging.
- Children with significant discharge should stay home until eyes are less sticky; otherwise, they can return to regular activities.
Self-Care Measures
To alleviate symptoms and prevent spreading:
- Gently clean: Soften and remove morning discharge with a cotton ball soaked in lukewarm water.
- Use wet compresses: Apply a clean compress soaked in cold or hot water over closed eyes. Avoid cross-contamination between eyes.
- Consider over-the-counter eye drops for dry eyes.
- Avoid wearing contact lenses.
- Reduce risk of spreading:
- Wash hands frequently.
- Refrain from rubbing eyes.
- Avoid sharing towels, pillowcases, or eye products.
- Discard contaminated makeup.
Treatment of Eye Inflammation
In most cases, self-care measures suffice. Antibiotic eye drops might be prescribed if the cause is bacterial, although uncomplicated cases often resolve similarly without antibiotics.
When to Seek Medical Care
Consult a healthcare professional if:
- Symptoms persist for over a week.
- Eye pain is present.
- Light sensitivity develops.
- Sensation of foreign object in the eye arises.
- Vision difficulties occur.
For urgent cases:
- Seek emergency care if eye pain, extreme light sensitivity, or vision issues emerge.