Getting to Know Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Hemorrhoids are soft pads of connective tissue and blood vessels located at the rectal opening, which can lead to bleeding and itching. Despite being a common ailment, they are usually harmless. In this article, we’ll delve into the various aspects of hemorrhoids, from their causes and symptoms to self-care and treatment options.
1. Cause of Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids originate in the lower part of the rectum and are composed of connective tissue and blood vessels. There are two main types: internal hemorrhoids, which form above the anal ring within the mucosa, and external hemorrhoids, which develop in the skin surrounding the anal opening.
The underlying cause of hemorrhoids is increased pressure on the veins around the anal opening. This pressure can lead to swelling and protrusion. Several factors contribute to this increased pressure and the subsequent risk of hemorrhoids:
- Prolonged sitting on the toilet
- Frequent constipation or straining during bowel movements
- Low-fiber diet leading to constipation
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Heavy lifting
- Anal intercourse
2. Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids exhibit a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe pain, especially during bowel movements. Common symptoms include:
- Light red bleeding in the stool or on toilet paper
- Bulging soft cushions from the rectal opening
- Itching or burning around the rectal area, particularly after defecation
- Mucus in the stool
- Discharges from the rectum
3. What Can I Do Myself?
Self-care is vital to both alleviate discomfort and prevent hemorrhoids. Focus on avoiding constipation:
- Increase dietary fiber intake
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
- Engage in regular exercise
- Maintain a consistent bowel movement schedule while avoiding excessive straining
If lifestyle changes don’t alleviate constipation, consider using stool-softening medications available over the counter or by prescription.
To maintain hygiene and comfort:
- Clean the affected area with lukewarm water
- Gently pat dry with a towel, avoiding irritation-inducing soaps
- Attempt to push back protruding hemorrhoids if comfortable, but seek medical care if it’s painful
4. Hemorrhoids – Treatment
For minor hemorrhoids causing discomfort, over-the-counter medications can provide relief. These medications come in two forms: suppositories for rectal insertion and ointments for application around the rectal area. Treatment typically lasts 2-3 weeks.
If hemorrhoids are larger and causing significant issues such as pain, bleeding, or leakage, medical intervention might be necessary. Surgical removal or other procedures may be considered.
5. When Should I Seek Care?
While hemorrhoids often resolve on their own, there are instances where medical attention is required. Seek care if:
- Rectal bleeding is more than a few drops
- Pain is present in the rectal area
- Itching persists for over a week
- Mucus and feces leak from the rectum
- Over-the-counter treatments fail to provide relief after two weeks
In conclusion, understanding hemorrhoids involves recognizing their causes, symptoms, and appropriate self-care and treatment measures. Although they can be discomforting, proactive steps can be taken to manage and alleviate their effects. If symptoms persist or worsen, seeking medical attention ensures proper evaluation and intervention.