Lice​

Getting to Know Head Lice: Spread, Symptoms, and Treatment

Head lice, despite common misconceptions, are not a reflection of poor hygiene. They are spread through direct hair-to-hair contact and can lead to itching and discomfort. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricacies of head lice, covering their characteristics, spread, symptoms, and effective treatment methods.

Facts about Lice and Eggs

Head lice are blood-feeding parasites that reside in human hair and move by climbing along the hair strands. They undergo a developmental process from eggs to nymphs, eventually becoming adult lice. These lice prefer hair that is at least three inches long. Adult lice are about two to three millimeters in size, with color variations based on their blood-feeding activity.

Lice eggs, also known as nits, are oval and approximately one millimeter long. They are usually found close to the scalp. The eggs containing developing lice are black, while the empty ones are white and oval in shape.

Cause of Head Lice

Direct head-to-head contact is the primary mode of head lice transmission. They do not possess the ability to jump or fly. The summer season poses a higher risk for lice infestations due to increased activity during this period. Schools and preschools often experience outbreaks after summer vacations. However, lice that stray from the hair cannot survive beyond a day.

Contrary to stereotypes, head lice are not associated with poor hygiene.

Symptoms of Head Lice

Identifying head lice can be accomplished by spotting live lice or their eggs in the hair and scalp. Notable symptoms include:

  1. Scalp Itching: The irritation arises from hypersensitivity to lice saliva.
  2. Black Residue: The presence of black powder on pillows or shoulders may indicate lice skin or feces.
  3. Scalp Irritation: Tears and superficial wounds may develop due to scratching.

The onset of itching usually occurs 4 to 6 weeks post-infestation, though for those with prior exposure to lice, itching may manifest within days.

What Can I Do Myself?

To manage and prevent head lice infestations effectively:

  1. Preventive Measures: Comb children’s hair before and after school terms using a lice comb. Utilize lice repellents to curb outbreaks.
  2. Combing Technique: For frizzy or thick hair, employ ample conditioner and take small sections for combing. A coarser comb may be useful in some cases.
  3. Inform Contacts: Notify close contacts about potential exposure for them to perform checks.
  4. Treatment with Over-the-Counter Remedies: If lice are detected, use over-the-counter lice treatments available at pharmacies.
  5. Hygiene Maintenance: Thoroughly clean or wash items that could harbor lice, such as hairbrushes, combs, hats, and caps.

Combing Lice: Steps to Follow

  1. Obtain a CE-marked lice comb, ensuring compliance with EU safety standards.
  2. Detangle hair and section it for better visibility and access.
  3. Use white paper or a mirror to spot lice.
  4. Wet hair or use conditioner to make lice movement more manageable.
  5. Always comb from the scalp toward hair ends, covering different directions.
  6. Conduct two separate combing sessions after lice detection to ensure eradication.

Treatment of Head Lice

For effective treatment and prevention:

  1. Identify those to be treated using a lice comb.
  2. For visible lice, use lice repellents with dimethicone (e.g., Hedrin or Linicin), repeating treatment after a week.
  3. Avoid hair-to-hair contact until the second treatment is completed.
  4. Comb hair twice a week for two weeks after treatment to ensure complete elimination.
  5. Consider using Tenutex if dimethicone treatment proves ineffective, following package instructions.
  6. If live lice persist, reevaluate treatment adherence, consider new infestations, and ensure proper hygiene practices.

When to Seek Medical Attention

  1. For children under two, consult child care centers or health facilities before treatment.
  2. If different treatments fail to eliminate lice infestations, seek medical advice.

In conclusion, understanding head lice—how they spread, their symptoms, and effective treatments—is essential for managing and preventing their infestations. Hygiene and prompt action play crucial roles in keeping these parasites at bay.