Getting to Know Mumps: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Introduction: Mumps is a contagious viral infection characterized by the swelling of one or both salivary glands, resulting in distinctive sac-like bulges. Although rare in Sweden due to vaccination, mumps is caused by a contagious virus. This article provides comprehensive information about the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of mumps.
Cause of Mumps: Mumps, also referred to as parotitis, is caused by a viral pathogen. The virus is highly contagious and is primarily transmitted through tiny droplets of fluid released during coughing, sneezing, or close contact with an infected person. Touching surfaces contaminated with these droplets and subsequently touching the face, eyes, nose, or mouth can also lead to infection. Individuals are contagious a few days before the appearance of symptoms and up to ten days after the initial swelling occurs.
Symptoms of Mumps: Around half of those infected with mumps experience symptoms, often marked by bag-like swellings in front of the ear, where the salivary glands are situated. Common symptoms include:
- Swollen and tender glands on one or both sides of the face
- Pain or discomfort when swallowing or chewing
- Headache
- Fever
- Fatigue and weakness
- Nausea and vomiting
Fever associated with mumps typically rises to 39-40 degrees Celsius and subsides after a day or two. The incubation period, from infection to symptom onset, ranges from two to four weeks.
Potential Complications: Although usually harmless, mumps can lead to serious complications. In adult males, the virus can spread to the testicles, causing inflammation that results in pain and swelling. In severe cases, this inflammation can lead to sterility. Mumps can also trigger meningitis, characterized by fever, headache, neck stiffness, and vomiting. Additionally, mumps was historically associated with unilateral deafness before the introduction of the mumps vaccine.
Prevention and Vaccination: To prevent mumps infection, vaccination is recommended for both individuals and children. The mumps vaccine has been part of Sweden’s general vaccination program since 1982. It provides protection against the disease and its potential complications, including testicular inflammation and meningitis. By promoting widespread immunity, the vaccine significantly reduces the prevalence of mumps.
Treatment and Seeking Care: Mumps is a self-limiting illness, typically resolving within a week without specific treatment. However, seeking medical attention is important for diagnosis and management. If you or your child experience fever along with stiff neck, severe headache, intense abdominal pain, or swollen testicles, immediate medical care is advised. These symptoms may indicate serious complications resulting from mumps. Additionally, contact healthcare providers if you’ve been in close contact with a mumps-infected individual or experience fever accompanied by sore, swollen salivary glands.
Conclusion: While mumps is now rare in Sweden due to vaccination efforts, understanding its causes, symptoms, and potential complications remains crucial. By staying informed about mumps and its associated health risks, individuals can make informed decisions about vaccination and seek timely medical attention when needed.